Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the following is considered the control
center of the cell?
a. | Mitochondrion | b. | Nucleus | c. | Lysosome | d. | Centriole |
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2.
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The mitochondrion is called the power plant
of the cell because _____ within the mitochondrion.
a. | most of the ATP is produced | b. | all protein synthesis occurs | c. | all DNA is located | d. | all ribosomes are
located |
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3.
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Which of the following is found on the rough
endoplasmic reticulum?
a. | Ribosomes | b. | Cilia | c. | Lysosomes | d. | DNA |
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4.
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The rough ER is the site of
a. | fatty acid and steroid
synthesis. | b. | Krebs cycle
activity. | c. | protein synthesis. | d. | intracellular water storage. |
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5.
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Which of the following is most associated with the
ribosome?
a. | ATP production | b. | Intracellular housecleaning | c. | Glycogen storage | d. | Protein
synthesis |
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6.
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What is the transport mechanism in this
description: a passive process that “pulls” water from an area where there is more water
to an area where there is less water?
a. | Filtration | b. | Endocytosis | c. | An ATP-driven
pump | d. | Osmosis |
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7.
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What is the transport mechanism in this
description: a passive process that uses a pressure difference as its driving force?
a. | Facilitated diffusion | b. | An ATP-driven pump | c. | Diffusion | d. | Filtration |
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8.
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A beaker is divided into two compartments by a
semipermeable membrane. Compartment A contains a 20% NaCl solution and compartment B contains a 50%
NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to water but not to Na+ or Cl–.
Initially,
a. | water diffuses from compartment B to compartment
A. | b. | Na+ diffuses from compartment B to
compartment A. | c. | Na+
diffuses from compartment A to compartment B. | d. | water diffuses
from compartment A to compartment B. |
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9.
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A beaker is divided into two compartments by a
semipermeable membrane. Compartment A contains a 20% NaCl solution and compartment B contains a 50%
NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to water but not to Na+ or Cl–.
At equilibrium, the
a. | volume of water in compartment A will be greater than
the volume in compartment B. | b. | volume in both
compartments A and B will be equal. | c. | concentration of
compartment A will decrease. | d. | volume in
compartment B will be greater than the volume in compartment
A. |
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10.
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A beaker is divided into two compartments by a
semipermeable membrane. Compartment A contains a 20% NaCl solution while compartment B contains a 50%
NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to both water and Na+ and Cl–.
Initially,
a. | Na+ and Cl– diffuse from
compartment B to compartment A. | b. | water diffuses
from compartment B to compartment A. | c. | Na+ and
Cl– diffuse from compartment A to compartment B. | d. | Na+ diffuses from compartment A to compartment B and
Cl– diffuses from compartment B to compartment
A. |
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11.
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A beaker is divided into two compartments by a
semipermeable membrane. Compartment A contains a 20% NaCl solution and compartment B contains a 50%
NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to both water and Na+ and Cl–.
At equilibrium, the
a. | volume in compartment A will be greater than the volume
in compartment B. | b. | volume in
compartment B will be greater than the volume in compartment A. | c. | concentrations and volumes will be the same in both
compartments. | d. | concentration of
salt is greater in compartment A than in compartment B. |
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12.
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What are the hairlike structures located on the
outer surface of the cell membrane?
a. | Mitochondria | b. | Ribosomes | c. | Cilia | d. | Centrioles |
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13.
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What is the extensive internal membrane system that
forms channels and is concerned with the synthesis of protein and steroids?
a. | Mitochondria | b. | Lysosomes | c. | Endoplasmic
reticulum | d. | DNA |
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14.
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Lysosomes are filled with
a. | powerful enzymes that destroy cellular debris and
pathogens. | b. | cilia. | c. | DNA. | d. | blood. |
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15.
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Which of the following best describes the power or
driving force for active transport?
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16.
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What is the transport mechanism in this
description: a passive process that uses a carrier molecule to move a solute from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration?
a. | Osmosis | b. | An ATP-driven pump | c. | Filtration | d. | Facilitated
diffusion |
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17.
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What is the name of the process in which an
intracellular protein–containing vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and expels the protein to
the outside of the cell?
a. | Endocytosis | b. | Pinocytosis | c. | Exocytosis | d. | Phagocytosis |
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18.
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Which process describes phagocytosis and
pinocytosis?
a. | Facilitated diffusion | b. | Endocytosis | c. | Filtration | d. | Exocytosis |
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19.
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Which word means “the bursting of red blood
cells”?
a. | Endocytosis | b. | Hemolysis | c. | Crenation | d. | Catalyst |
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20.
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If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution such as
water, the cell will
a. | crenate. | b. | shrink. | c. | swell and
burst. | d. | differentiate. |
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21.
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Which type of solution causes crenation or
shrinkage of submerged red blood cells?
a. | Hypotonic | b. | Isotonic | c. | Hypertonic | d. | Water |
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22.
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Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are
phases of
a. | active transport. | b. | mitosis. | c. | differentiation. | d. | pinocytosis. |
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23.
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G1, G2, the S phase, and the
M phase are phases of
a. | the cell cycle. | b. | mitosis. | c. | protein
synthesis. | d. | the cell cycle
that is specific to cancer cells. |
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24.
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Pinocytosis
a. | is a passive process. | b. | requires a pressure gradient as its driving force. | c. | refers to cellular drinking. | d. | is a form of exocytosis. |
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25.
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Which of the following best describes normal
saline?
a. | Radioactive | b. | Hemolytic to red blood cells | c. | Isotonic | d. | Crenating to red
blood cells |
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26.
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Which of the following best describes the eating of
a bacterium by a lysosome?
a. | Differentiation | b. | Phagocytosis | c. | Meiosis | d. | Hemolysis |
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27.
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In which structure is most DNA found?
a. | Nucleus | b. | Mitochondrion | c. | Lysosome | d. | Golgi
apparatus |
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28.
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Which structure is described as rough or
smooth?
a. | Ribosome | b. | Mitochondrion | c. | Cilia | d. | Endoplasmic
reticulum |
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29.
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Which of the following is a gel-like substance
located inside the cell, but outside the nucleus?
a. | Nucleoplasm | b. | Isotonic saline | c. | Cytoplasm | d. | Lysosomal
enzymes |
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30.
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Which of the following most accurately describes
diffusion?
a. | ATP-driven | b. | Passive transport | c. | Requires a
pressure or pushing force | d. | Causes a solute to
move uphill |
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31.
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The skunk makes his presence known by
a. | filtration. | b. | osmosis. | c. | active
transport. | d. | diffusion. |
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32.
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Oxygen moves from the lungs (high concentration)
into the blood (low concentration) in response to
a. | filtration. | b. | osmosis. | c. | diffusion. | d. | endocytosis. |
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33.
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Which process describes the pushing of water across
the capillary (blood vessel) membrane?
a. | Facilitated diffusion | b. | Osmosis | c. | Filtration | d. | Pinocytosis |
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34.
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Which structure puts the finishing touches on and
packages the protein for export from the cell?
a. | Mitochondrion | b. | Golgi apparatus | c. | Lysosome | d. | Nucleolus |
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35.
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Which of the following structures make the rough
endoplasmic reticulum look like sandpaper?
a. | Ribosomes | b. | Globs of cytoplasm | c. | ATP | d. | Fragments of
DNA |
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36.
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Which structure is described as a semipermeable
lipid bilayer?
a. | Lysosome | b. | Mitochondrion | c. | Ribosome | d. | Cell
membrane |
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37.
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The selectively permeable membrane
a. | is a result of its composition; it is tough connective
tissue, much like a ligament. | b. | determines which
substances enter and leave the cell. | c. | allows for the
unrestricted movement of water and electrolytes across the cell membrane. | d. | permits diffusion but not osmosis. |
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38.
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Which of the following is least true of the
mitochondria?
a. | Found only within liver cells | b. | Make most of the body’s ATP | c. | Contain enzymes that function aerobically | d. | Located within the cytoplasm |
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39.
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Which of the following is a correct
statement?
a. | Most ATP is produced in the
mitochondria. | b. | Mitochondria
contain potent enzymes that digest cellular waste and debris. | c. | Most DNA is located within the mitochondria. | d. | The RER is concerned with phagocytosis. |
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40.
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A beaker contains two compartments. Compartment A
(CA) contains a 10% salt solution and Compartment B (CB) contains a 20% salt solution. The membrane
is permeable to the salt and water. At equilibrium,
a. | the volume in CA is greater than the volume in
CB. | b. | the volume in CA is less than the volume in
CB. | c. | the volume is the same in both
compartments. | d. | all water
accumulates in CB. |
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41.
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A beaker contains two compartments. Compartment A
(CA) contains a 10% salt solution and Compartment B (CB) contains a 20% salt solution. The membrane
is permeable only to water. At equilibrium, the volume in
a. | CA is greater than the volume in
CB. | b. | CA is less than the volume in
CB. | c. | CB is less than the volume in
CA. | d. | CA is the same as the volume in
CB. |
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42.
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Most K+ is located in the cells, with
little K+ in the tissue spaces. What accounts for the movement of additional K+
into the cells?
a. | K+ in the tissue fluid diffuses into the
cell. | b. | K+ enters the cell in response to facilitated
diffusion. | c. | K+ is
actively pumped into the cell. | d. | K+
enters the cell because of pinocytosis. |
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43.
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A child has experienced a blow to the head causing
a slow bleed. Although the bleeding has stopped, the blood clot continues to expand
because
a. | brain tissue grows into the blood
clot. | b. | plasma protein is used by the brain to make additional
nerve tissue to replace what was damaged. | c. | the particles of
the blood clot are osmotically active and draw water into the clot. | d. | pieces of the blood clot dissolve and are carried by the blood to the other
side of the brain. |
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44.
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What is the primary difference between diffusion
and facilitated diffusion?
a. | One is active and the other is
passive. | b. | One requires ATP and the other
doesn’t. | c. | Diffusion involves
the movement of a substance from high concentration to a lower concentration. Facilitated diffusion
moves a substance from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. | d. | Facilitated diffusion uses a “helper” molecule to move a substance
passively. |
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45.
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What is the effect of an intravenous infusion of
pure water?
a. | It is the same response as to the infusion of isotonic
saline. | b. | It is the same response as to the infusion of
Ringer’s solution. | c. | The RBCs
burst. | d. | The RBCs shrink
(crenation). |
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46.
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Which of the following describes the response of a
red blood cell (RBC) to immersion in an isotonic solution?
a. | The RBC swells and bursts. | b. | The RBC undergoes hemolysis. | c. | The RBC undergoes crenation; it shrinks. | d. | There is no net movement of water between the RBC and
solution. |
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47.
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Plasma proteins determine
a. | plasma oncotic (osmotic)
pressure. | b. | capillary filtration
pressure. | c. | the rate of diffusion out of the
capillary. | d. | the size of the
capillary pores. |
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48.
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If plasma protein leaks into the tissue
spaces,
a. | edema develops. | b. | the tissue space becomes dehydrated as excess tissue fluid enters the
capillaries. | c. | blood volume
expands as excess fluid is absorbed into the blood vessels (capillaries). | d. | all of the above occur. |
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49.
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Mitosis
a. | occurs only within sex cells. | b. | produces two genetically identical cells. | c. | occurs only within red blood cells. | d. | causes a 50% reduction in chromosome
number. |
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50.
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The first gap phase (G1), second gap
phase (G2), and synthesis phase (S)
a. | occur during interphase. | b. | include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase. | c. | are stages of
mitosis. | d. | all of the above are
true. |
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51.
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An anticancer drug that interferes only with
mitosis
a. | is described as cell cycle M
phase–specific. | b. | is cell cycle
phase–nonspecific. | c. | is
nontoxic. | d. | stimulates neoplastic cell
growth. |
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52.
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With regard to the cell cycle,
a. | the M phase is the same as
interphase. | b. | cells cannot enter
phase G0 when they complete the cycle. | c. | cell division occurs during the M phase. | d. | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase occur during phase
G1. |
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53.
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A cell that “drops out” of the cell
cycle
a. | enters G0. | b. | splits into two genetically identical cells. | c. | reduces its chromosome number by 50%. | d. | becomes a stem cell. |
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54.
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Which of the following best describes a cell that
is necrotic?
a. | Dehydrated | b. | Stem cell | c. | Undifferentiated | d. | Dead |
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55.
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Which of the following is true of a benign
neoplasm?
a. | Metastatic lesion | b. | Secondary tumor site | c. | Cancerous | d. | Noncancerous
tumor |
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56.
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A cervical Pap smear indicates well differentiated
cells. You would interpret this statement as
a. | a normal cellular appearance. | b. | evidence of edema. | c. | evidence of
necrosis. | d. | evidence of
cancer. |
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